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蛮荒之美、苍凉之美、残缺之美、古旧之美、艺术之美、经典之美、。，铸就吴哥之美，心仪很久，终得成行一睹风采。 不解释，让图片说话吧！ 行程概要： 8月19日： 福州--广州--胡志明市--吴哥。 20日： 大吴哥--（巴戎寺--茶胶寺--塔普伦寺--女皇宫）--小吴哥（吴哥窟）--巴肯山。 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-970955-5-1.html 21日：吴哥--金边--皇宫--独立纪念碑--金界娱乐城--中央小商品市场。 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-970955-42-1.html 22日：金边塔仔山--飞胡志明市--总统府--邮政大楼--大教堂。 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-970955-53-1.html 23日：美拖游艇--独木舟丛林穿越--市政厅--歌剧院--游轮夜景。 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-970955-62-1.html 24日：胡志明市--广州。 8月19日： 福州--广州--胡志明市--吴哥。 早上7时到达广州天河客运站，参团人员是下午1点在白云机场集结，利用空余时间逛了逛72烈士公园。 下午，广州飞胡志明市再转飞暹粒（吴哥）。 广州天河客运站。利用候机间隙去了趟72烈士公园。 孙中山先生亲手种植的松树似乎枯萎。 远处为72烈士墓。 白云机场候机大厅一暼。 白云机场。 飞往胡志明市。([]
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林玉亦Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
天堂vs美国vs在线观看
詹威如十五天游历了欧洲大小十国。荷兰—— 比利时—— 法国—— 卢森堡—— 德国—— 瑞士—— 列支敦士登—— 奥地利—— 意大利—— 梵蒂冈。哈哈，我自己都感到迷惑，十个国家十四个城市。阿姆斯特丹、布鲁塞尔、巴黎、卢森堡、法兰克福、（海德堡）、琉森、列支敦士登、慕尼黑、菌斯布鲁克、威尼斯、罗马、梵蒂冈、佛罗伦萨、米兰。走马观花，浮光掠影，除了三飞，汽车行程四千多公里。城市的繁荣我无动于衷，悠久历史留下的艺术作品，人文景观让人震撼。但对我来讲，收获最大的还是这四千多公里，让我饱尝眼福，见识了欧洲超美丽的自然风光。还是那句话，风景在路上。原以为，只有高原才有的兰天白云，在欧洲天天见到。在川藏南线左贡到芒康的“卡均”，草甸、牧场、森林，美不胜收，殊不知这种风光在瑞士沿途尽是，好几天都车行在无限的美景中。这次旅行我最大的收益是这4000多平里。虽然同车40人都在行走，可认真关注窗外的人只有我。大巴车一路奔驰，再好的风景也不会停车。加之团员们上车就关好窗帘睡觉，我睁大眼睛也无法看到前面，风景一闪而过，非常遗憾，错失了很多美景。本来摄影技术有限；加上密封窗，头手伸不出去；到景点时间非常有限；挤在人缝中拍照；像机不专业，没有三角架；这次照片质量不好，许多都歪歪斜斜，删掉了1/3的照片，心痛啊，不可复制。看过哈总欧洲的照片，差别太大了。作为辛勤劳动的回报，还是想与大家分享，鼓起勇气，发贴，谢谢大家浏览。 十五天走了太多的地方，脑子里很混乱，几千张照片还需分门别类，慢慢上贴。也许地点与照片不符，请指正，谢谢。(上图为巴黎艾菲尔铁塔，下图为瑞士琉森的廓桥) 阿姆斯特丹 —— 美好与罪恶并存的城市 阿姆斯特丹，荷兰的首都，荷兰最大的城市和第二大港口，人口约71万，阿姆斯特丹是座水城，河网交错，河道纵横，被称作为“北方威尼斯”。提起阿姆斯特丹，就想到了：风车、乳酪、钻石、木鞋、喜力啤酒、郁金香、雏菊花海，春天里的阿姆斯特丹更是花的海洋。阿姆斯特丹的早晨 这里街道很干净，人、车很很少。在欧洲都是有轨电车，人们都骑自行车，市内停放自行车的地方很特别。 停放自行车的"高架桥"; 街景 环绕阿姆斯特丹的运河 兰色、红色、绿色的各式小楼房，可爱极了。这里曾有个古老奇怪的法律，门越大交税越多。所以阿姆斯特丹住房的门都很小，而窗很大，家具都是从窗口吊运进去的。所有的楼房顶部都有数个伸出的铁钩子，以固定吊运物品所用的绳索。 正当我们在鲜花盛开的房前拍照，窗口出现了一位老人，慈眉善目的向我们招手微笑，还与我们合照。 正当欧洲杯，到处挂满了足球、花环、小旗，十分热闹。 刚进入阿姆斯特丹，我非常喜欢这个古老、宁静、花团锦簇的城市，可到了红灯区，听到看到后，感觉十分厌恶。这是个美好与罪恶并存的地方，糜艳奔放的红灯区丹拉克大街，橱窗女郎，性博物馆，把性、性交赤裸裸的表现出来了，让人毛骨悚然。在荷兰，榜“自由开放”的法律，使得“合法的性交易”、“合法的大麻贩卖”得到保障，它也是世界上第一个使同性恋婚姻合法化的国家。在这里，可以公开吸大麻 ； 妓女有营业执照、执证上岗；可以光明正大的嫖娼。 性博物馆我们没有参观，丹拉克大街也是清早去的，让女人亲眼目睹那些……，会有些难堪，也许对男人更有诱惑力。这里的红灯区在欧洲是最著名的，比泰国的红灯区“极别高”，许多男人专门为此到阿姆斯特丹。（网络也许不让上这些照片，上一张组照吧） 谢谢所有关注及留言的朋友们。发贴时还忐忑不安，摄影水平太低，与哈总的照片相比差距太大了。你们给了我信心，"本色出演" 哈，我也再返走一趟欧洲。4000多公里，路景太美了。我每天睁大眼睛，贪婪地注视着窗外，拍下这些照片，质量不太好，但是真实的欧洲自然风光。不好意思，拙品。因为旅行，工作积累太多，照片也多，只有慢慢上，请原谅。 在距阿姆斯特丹10公里的桑斯安斯风车村，是个美丽宁静的乡村。保留了三座木制风车，还有十几座荷兰风格的木建筑。当和煦的春风吹动着屹立了几百年的风车时，我想起了“堂吉诃德”手持长矛与风车的博斗。可别小看这个美丽而宁静的小乡村，彼得大帝曾经在这里学习过造船，拿破仑也曾赞美过这里的美景。当然，也是旅游团必到之地。 小树被立型成了这样 荷兰造型朴拙的木鞋，世界闻名。木鞋起源于数百年前，由于荷兰低地雨水多，户外工作的人们都会穿上木鞋，既可保暖又可保持干爽。五光十色的各式木鞋挂满了商店，旅游的人都会买些各式木鞋装饰品作为礼物送人。这是从古到今的朩鞋，刚开始没有颜色现今五光十色的各式木鞋 每个进入风车村的人，都会被拍照。打印后放在门口，10欧拿走。 网络资料 沃伦丹也称福伦丹，离阿姆斯特丹约20公里的车程，是艾瑟湖边一个小渔村。从前，当艾瑟湖还是个海湾的时候，这里的人们都是以打鱼为生。后来荷兰人为抵挡洪水，在北面建起了拦海大堤，海湾也变成了现在的艾瑟湖。打鱼的人渐渐少了，蜂拥而至的游人使这里成为荷兰北部的一个旅游镇,它也是到阿姆斯特丹旅客顺道游的必经之地。称它为奇迹小镇是因为，沃伦丹是围海造出来的小镇。这里风光秀丽，湖水宁谧，阿姆斯特丹人周末会来度假，也有很多城里人到这里买房子。 ([]
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杨俊龙一直。自己都是一个倾听者。只看。不发言。也没有分享。每次。也在关注西藏的帖子。最近。似乎西藏热门了起来。所以。有必要跟大家分享下。西藏。是值得一去再去之地。前后三次进藏。。。 08年6月中去。8月初回。历时50多天。大概花费6000多。 09年8月初去。10月初回。历时接近2两个月。大概花费5000多。 10年6月初去。八月中回。历时70多天。大概花费6000多。（包括在尼泊尔待的半个月）不知道这样的花费算不算穷游。但感觉比很多人花的少了。首先声明哦。。。相片不加任何处理。像素可能有所调整。我只是业余玩家。有些相片或许角度不是那么好。还希望不要批判。。。还有。更新时间可能不定时。而且。可能三次进藏相片穿插着发。还望见谅。。。 先来几张不一样的布宫吧。。。夜幕下的布宫。。。美吧？近景也来一张。。。白天阳光下的布宫，大家也见多了。。。灯光下的布宫，想必大家也是见的不少。。。有倒影的布宫，也还不赖吧？不好意思，各位，昨晚还不知道我的帖子通过审核了。。。见谅啊。。。一直以来。很多人都问过我。为什么那么喜欢旅行？为什么一直往西藏跑？因为。只有在路上。我才是我自己。只有在路上。我才能找到真正的自己。因为。西藏。是我心中一直以来的梦。因为。西藏。是我见过的最美的风景。其实。我是一个看不懂自己的人。所以。我需要不停的行走。不断的寻找自己。发现自己。从而了解自己。而且。路上的我会显得特别快乐。不管是多苦。还是多累。但心是快乐的。这样。就够了。不是吗？这样的快乐保质期有多久？我想。在路上多久。就会一直保鲜多久。。。 三次进藏。。。统一的都是火车进去。。。08年。青藏进去。新藏出来顺带玩了新疆。09年。青藏进去。滇藏出来顺带玩了云南。10年。青藏进去。中尼公路抵达了尼泊尔。欠缺。骑行或是徒步川藏还在我的计划中。我想。只要我想。就能完成最美的川藏行。你期待。我也一样。。。废话多了。再上几张火车上经历的“四季”吧。有点虚了。。。嘻嘻。将就下。。。还是绿色的一片。。。轨道上开始堆积雪。。。就连食品也开始高反了。。。嘻嘻。。。不知道要从哪写起了。。。吃个中饭先。。。或许。会从记忆最深刻的墨脱写起。。。哈哈。。。没啥攻略的哦。。。倒是可以把走的路线还有花费写进去滴。。。等等啊。。。好歹让我吃个饱饭嘛。。。徒步墨脱（不知道算不算攻略，简单的介绍下） 徒步前：墨脱的总体费用1000多点。 拉萨--八一（车费100元） 八一--派乡（车费50元，门票150元，据说可在离派乡最近的村子下车，淌水逃票，但我们失败了。或者在八一吃完晚饭之后包车前往，晚上不收门票。我们最后是光明正大大摇大摆的正门进去，逃票成功），约4小时车程。D1派乡--松林口（公路的终点站，坐当地的大卡车，车费约30元，1小时车程）--多雄拉山口（3个多小时徒步）--拉格（4个多小时徒步）。约38公里，约8小时。（拉格有3间客栈，可住宿。一晚上30元。 D2：拉格--大岩洞--汗密。约35公里，约8-10个小时。烂泥路，泥里有坚硬石头，极其硌脚，军胶鞋在这里略显底薄。汗密也有几间客栈供住宿。一晚30元。 D3：汗密--阿尼桥--背崩乡。约34公里，这天行程需12个小时。山路陡峭，不少路沿悬崖前进，要格外小心。在解放大桥边境检查站严格检查边境证，此处不许拍摄大桥。背崩很多住宿的地方。价格也在30以内。 D4：背崩乡--墨脱。约35公里，需要9-10小时，较前几天路途平缓些，全是小山道。墨脱可住鱼庄，驴友的聚集地。 20-30元一晚。D5-D6：墨脱休整了两天。（可休息一天，也可不休息，墨脱的吃稍微贵点，但可理解）D7：墨脱--108K。（季节好可以搭车出去，但我们去的是雨季，需要用走的。108K有两间客栈，价格在15-20那样。）D8：108K--墨脱 。当时徒步到93K的地方就可以通车了，后来直接搭车到了波密。关于去墨脱(雨季)所要带的东西：要走那么多天的路，尽量减轻包的重量，多余的东西一样不要带(体力充沛者除外，嘻嘻)雨衣（翻多雄拉一般都会碰上下雨或是下雪），背包防雨罩，密封或普通塑料袋(下雨的时候用处很大)，帽子，无缝头巾(关键时刻用处很多)，鞋子(一双足已，即使湿透了，沿路客栈都有火可以烤干，带双轻便拖鞋很方便，切忌，最好还是登山鞋，不要轻信那些是穿胶鞋走墨脱的人，除非你真的比较强)，外套(防水面料的，冲锋衣最好)，袜子，换洗内衣若干，个人洗漱用品(基础护肤和防晒霜即可，没必要什么保养品都带)，药品(除个人必须药品外，以带防治蚊虫叮咬和治跌打损伤的药为主，感冒药、防暑药和消炎药也必须带)，食物(至少带够4天的，虽然沿路客栈都有供应，但为了省钱，还是背上好，当然，不在乎钱的可以少带)，太阳镜，笔和记事本，烟，打火机，小手电，小军dao，湿巾，纸巾，红参，医用胶布（贴脚掌，可减少水泡的出现。嘻嘻。。。其实也可以用女生的卫生巾放在鞋里，用处很好哦）。 墨脱的今年6月走的。。。赶最后的末班车去墨脱。。。写于徒步墨脱前。。。墨脱。找寻隐秘的莲花。好像说。与世隔绝的墨脱即将通车。伴随着骑车发动机的轰隆声。隐秘莲花的最后面纱也将缓缓揭开。从此。再没有纯粹的风土。从此。也再没有所谓的隐秘的莲花。无论如何。我都要赶上最后那一线光芒。错过。就是一辈子。错过。将是永远。 看着藏式的房屋。朝圣的人们。心中有着无限的期待。这不是对于一个城市的期待。而是对于一段旅程的期待。我并未想过会经历墨脱的旅程。如果这是一种注定。我感谢上天的安排。感谢在拉萨认识的那些朋友。是他们。说墨脱归来不言路。是他们。说墨脱是眼睛的天堂。是他们。说墨脱是肉体心灵与地狱的交融。如果没有他们。我不会想去墨脱。如果没有他们。我不会有勇气徒步墨脱。墨脱。不会再遥远。 墨脱。坐落在喜马拉雅山脉南麓。雅鲁藏布江边。与印度毗邻。意为“隐秘的莲花”。是雅鲁藏布大峡谷的主要代表。北有海拔7782米的南迦巴瓦峰。南有海拔仅200米的巴昔卡村。整体地形以南迦巴瓦峰为支点。以雅鲁藏布江为中线环绕切割。形成陡峭深邃的峡谷。被世界公认为第一大峡谷。 墨脱充满着神秘的色调。它有零下20度寒风飕飕的冰川峭壁和33.8度高温下桫椤摇曳的原始丛林。有咆哮如雷的雅鲁藏布江水。潺潺栩栩。清澈剔透的瀑布溪流。又有羚牛嬉斗的草甸湿地。星罗棋布的高山湖泊和鸟语花香的幽香曲径。在那里还有木楼炊烟。稻谷飘香。黄酒当餐的门巴。珞巴族和藏族人文景观。这些都给人们以香格里拉的感受。年仅不足五个月的开山期。以至形成“桃花源”式的“孤岛”格局。 墨脱。这个西藏的最后秘境。自然的世外桃源。野外旅行者的天堂。徒步墨脱。需要翻越了两座海拔4000多米的雪山。还需要穿过浓密的原始森林。走过蚂蟥区。度过惊魂夜。几天的行程。会经历春夏秋冬四个季节。疲劳。饥饿。恐惧。危险。也一样样会接踵而来。我想。勇气是绝对的需要。 其实。我不知道下一刻将要面临什么。在自然的面前。我也不知道自己会怎样的软弱无力。还是怎样的忍耐坚强。或许。正因为这种艰难。才吸引我走向墨脱。走向这个最隐秘的莲花圣地。墨脱。会成为我终生难忘的经历。一定会的。或许。在接下来的这个六月。我所经历的或许是生死墨脱的过程。 期待着。。。 徒步墨脱。六省联合纵队的成立。真正想走墨脱。是09年才开始有的念想。或许。是他们的游记写的过于精彩。或许。是自己中毒太深。总之。自己再一次的进藏。再一次直奔拉萨而去。甚至。没做任何的准备运动。听说。很多人都是准备个一两年才敢走的。我。真的把生命放在了路上。现在想想。还真的过于冲动了。很多事情。其实。还是要考虑清楚的。没抵达拉萨之前。压根不想约伴。我不是喜欢一个人行走。更不是想一个人完成墨脱。我只是。不喜欢胡言乱语的人。讨厌被放鸽子的感觉。大鹏。郑州人。是第一个说要一起走墨脱的人。蚂蚁。湖南人。是第二个。当他说要加入墨脱之行时。我很直接的跟他说。我不喜欢约伴。不喜欢人家放鸽子。他也理解。说墨脱势在必行。罢罢罢。那就一起上路。风车。郑州人。是大鹏在网上约的他的同城驴。特冲动的一家伙。在没有听说过墨脱这个字眼的情况下。买了拉萨的火车票直奔而来。小皮。大坤。黑龙江人。是跟我同一天抵达拉萨的。我们曾经在网上聊过。但几乎没聊几句。拉萨见面之后。由于小皮的高反。他们不是很肯定能走。只剩。我。大鹏。蚂蚁。风车。路上的不可预见太多。那就再约多几个人吧。跟大鹏在各青年旅舍寻找去墨脱的帖子。但是。去墨脱的人实在是少。几乎就没什么召集帖。终于。还是在东措发现一帖子说要走墨脱。联系之后。那边三人。太阳以西。安徽人。特坚强的一家伙。第二天开始脚就扭伤。还是坚持走完墨脱。漂泊。江西人。还真应了那名字。到处飘的家伙。袋子。湖南人。他说的。永远要第一。上山是倒数第一。下山却总是在最前面。后来。小皮。大坤还是决定一起走。就这样。一行九人算组成了一个队伍。后来用我们的话来说。就是六省联合纵队。浩浩荡荡的出发了。 就我们几个啦。。。给大家介绍介绍：左起：小皮、大坤、蚂蚁、我、漂泊、袋子、风车、太阳以西（小张）、大鹏。 嘻嘻。。。看到了吗？在派乡兄弟饭店有我们像“菜牌”一样的名哦。。。 徒步墨脱。逃票。有惊无险。计划淌水过河逃票的我们已经在行动。。。我跟小皮两女孩做了游击队先锋。这群男人静等“偷渡”。。。早就对逃票攻略摸了个透。队伍商量之下。我们选择淌水过河逃票。我跟小皮。两女同志作为先锋队员打头阵。兄弟客栈的老板人很好。也淌水过来接我们。甚为感动。后来用他们的话来说。两女游击队员（我跟小皮）。脱下冲锋衣。脱了鞋子。远远的跟上老板。慢慢的淌水过去。那水。那雪山融下来的冰河水。那叫一个凉。凉的刺骨。凉的心寒。不行不行。真的太凉了。站在河中央。压根抬不动那双腿。痛了。真的刺痛。没办法。谁让我们是先锋队呢。怎么样都得往下走。后来。跟小皮。两人手拉手。一步一步朝前迈。终于。过来了。我们到达对岸了。YE。我们成功了。那叫一个兴奋。 可是。远远的。怎么感觉上面有人死盯着我们。路人。希望是。过来了。过来了。可惜不是路人。一过来就跟我们要票。惨了惨了。第一次淌水。失败。 经历了刺骨痛的我们。怎么样都不想再淌水回去跟大家会合了。决定上去买票。瞎晃悠了一圈。感觉已没人盯住我们的情况下。我们又准备混一次。运气可真背。咱又被抓了。好了。我们还是决定不买票。大不了咱出去晃晃。第二次逃票。失败。 两人无所事事的在青稞地里转悠了一圈。最后也跟他们会合上了。跟在我们后面。也曾淌水的漂泊。袋子也经历了刺骨的凉水。跟我们统一意见。不再淌水。决定买票进去。咦。怎么门口好像没人。赶紧的。我们一个一个小心翼翼的往前走。生怕惊动了守门人。真好真好。我们大伙都安全进来了。没花一分门票。咱从门口走进来了。哈哈。终于成功。逃票万岁。 徒步墨脱。D1 派乡--拉格 38KM（1）在兄弟饭店再吃一个早餐。我们即将出发。。。期待已久的墨脱之路终于要拉开帷幕了。。。大皮卡上的我们也显得异常兴奋。。。大皮卡把我们拉到这里。。。接着我们的徒步之路开始啦。。。一直的碎石路的确很磨脚。。。记得哦。最好别穿胶鞋。这样的路磨不了多久。泡泡铁定跟你粘的死死的。。。终于向上迈近了一大步。齐齐举“杖”庆贺。。。雪地里迈啊迈。。。又下起了不知道是雨还是雪的东西。。。抵达垭口啦。纪念纪念。。。 雪地里吃馒头的漂泊。。。 一觉醒来。大家都很兴奋。吃过老板娘给我们准备的馒头稀饭早餐。我们终于开始了徒步墨脱的行程。卡车在盘旋的山路上颠簸了一个多小时。也不知道是怎么坐稳的。PP颠成怎样已经不重要。感觉没被甩出去就是一种幸福。到达松林口。这里是派乡进墨脱的公路终点站。下车时天气挺好。我们先于墨脱当地人出发了。因为我们要赶在12点之前翻越多雄拉山口。否则。下午山上起雾。这样极容易迷路。一上午。全是上山的路。在高原上爬山是一件痛苦的事。而且6月的多雄拉山上还全部是雪。路很滑。乱石路加上海拔的原因。会很喘气。也很吃力。同行的漂泊。还有袋子。或许是年纪稍长了点。对于他们。更是吃力。慢慢的。他们落到了队伍的后面。还好。我们队伍一直强调的团队精神。小张（太阳以西）做收尾工作。而且接下来的几天时间了。他一直都坚持这样。很是有责任心。走在前面的我们。也时不时的停下脚步。尽量不让队伍拉的太长太远。没走过雪地的我。对我来说。过雪山是件难事。也或许是因为自己的平衡感不是很好。好不容易爬上雪地的我。一个不小心。又滑了下来。那个沮丧啊。。。还得重新爬。还好。滑下的距离不是很远。之后。我尽量的让登山杖插的牢牢的。这样。打滑的几率下降了很多。变天了。山上下起了不知道是雨还是雪的东西。感觉有点冷。赶紧的从包里掏出抓绒穿上。雨衣是有的。但却不想穿。穿上雨衣感觉透不了气。闷的很。随着海拔的升高。加上风雨交加。温度越来越低。虽然上山过程中会出汗。可是只要一立足。马上就感觉到刺骨的寒意。无法抵挡。好不容易。终于还是抵达山口。终于不用爬坡了。真叫一个开心。尤其是袋子。他说。“我下山是很快的”。的确。后来的下山途中。他一路打先锋。用他的话来说就是。“无论怎样。我都要做第一。不管是顺数还是倒数。”抵达山口已经是12点多了。大家都感觉饿了。是吃午餐的时候了。有兄弟客栈的老板娘给我们准备的馒头。那真叫一个幸福。这样。我们就能省去煮饭时间。尽快的到达我们今天的目的地—拉格。山口风大。不适合停留。找了个避风位置。开餐了。那个时候第一次觉得。馒头也挺好吃的。哈哈。过山口以后即是下山路。下山好像更容易打滑。小心翼翼的走着。可是。这速度好像有点慢了。后来。漂泊在后面开始滑了下来。还一个劲的喊过瘾。我也试试。坐在雪地里开始滑起来。滑了一小段。不行。不能再继续下去。PP太冰凉了。而且裤子好像湿掉了。罢罢罢。还是老老实实的走吧。路呢？怎么没路了？在四周都查看之后。我们确定。我们迷路了。这可如何是好。最不愿意看到的结果出现了。是要等待后面的墨脱当地人吗。可是。他们也不一定会到这附近。大家商量之下。决定往回走走看。我们找马蛋蛋吧。跟着马蛋蛋走。肯定不会错的。之前我们都是跟垃圾走。有时垃圾袋是会被风吹的。最可靠的还是跟着马蛋蛋走。终于。我们找到了路。是的。我们还是有神的庇佑的。感谢上天。待续。。。有些觉得挺有意思的，发来分享分享。。。虔诚的等待南迦巴瓦的出现。。。耶。。。虽然是暂露头角，但似乎对我们也很厚道了。。。就算是强人风车大哥，也在艰难的攀爬。。。这样的路，想不湿脚都难吧？就算很累，气也还在大口的喘着，就算拄着拐杖也要来一张。。。哈哈。。。这样磨脚的石头路何时是个尽头呢。。。山上的花儿为谁开又为谁败？漫山遍野的花儿只等你来采摘。。。雪地里艰难行走的我。。。远处的小皮脚都陷冰里了，我们却还在一边摆POSE。。。嘻嘻。不应该。。。也不管是雪地还是什么了。只要能坐就好。。。迷路的我们。。。东南西北。。。该往哪走。。。还是体力好的风车大哥去帮我们找路去了。。。下山路却也并不好走。。。注：由于又是雨又是雾的，相机都被蒙上了一层雾气。。。照片都蒙蒙的，见谅哈。。。嘻嘻。。。等等。。。要找相片，还得压缩，再上传。。。麻烦嘻嘻。。。等等。。。要找相片，还得压缩，再上传。。。麻烦嘻嘻。。。等等。。。要找相片，还得压缩，再上传。。。麻烦就算是在山上，也要弄点热腾腾的东西暖下胃。。。开饭咯。。。吃饱喝足。。。继续下山路。。。路上的小瀑布特别多，也特别美。。。 徒步墨脱。D1 派乡--拉格 38KM（2） 走完雪地时。当地人赶上了我们。他们告诉我们。前面没有什么岔路。三个多小时就能到拉格了。这时的我们。又饿了。在山口吃的那点馒头。根本就维持不了多久。一个小小的馒头。既要维持能量。又要维持热量。能撑到这里也实属不易了。反正就剩三小时了。大家商量之下。又决定开餐了。这次。我们把锅瓢一掏。开始了这路上的第一次煮面。或许是因为我们人多锅少（9人3锅）。或许是因为高原地带。总之。煮面加吃面。我们耗掉了一个多小时。 吃饱喝足的我们。开始了非常难走的松动乱石路。因为下雨。路几乎是泡在水里的。经过一个瀑布以后鞋子就已经全湿了。本以为过完山口就是痛苦的终结。没想到。最痛苦的路才刚刚开始。 我跟在袋子后面。是队伍的第二个。看袋子顺利的经过了第一个瀑布。我也学着他。小心翼翼的踩在那些松动的石头上。经过瀑布中间时。一块松动的石头差点让我掉进悬崖。我吓坏了。赶紧的往另一边挪动我的身体。感谢上天。没让我往那边倾斜。后来。小皮直接踏水过来了。还教训了我一通。说我不应该踩那些松动的石头。反正鞋子肯定会湿的。不如直接踏水过去。这样安全系数大很多很多。我接受了。之后经过那些危险时。我都尽量的让自己安全。路上的不可预见太多太多。对自己负责。对团队负责。必须让自己尽量的安全。 之后一路上都是瀑布群。特别漂亮。 可是不是说三个小时的路程吗？我们都走了三个多小时了。怎么感觉前路还是漫漫呢。难道是我们走的太慢。 下午6点多。我们终于拖着累极了的身体看到几个木棚。这里。就是我们今天的终点站--拉格了。攻略上说的6个多小时的路程。除去吃饭时间。我们竟然走了8个多小时。看来。明天是要加快步伐了。 到达客栈。也就意味着可以换上干爽的衣裤。有火烤。湿了的衣裤和鞋袜可以烤干。还有热水喝。有食物吃。可是。一个简单的晚餐需要50元。算了。还是吃面吧。自己煮面吃。在这样的环境下。有这些就仿佛到了天堂。其他的一切都不再有意义。我们需求的如此原始且简单。 拿出所有的湿衣服过来烤。围着火堆谈天说地。我感觉如此幸福且满足。躺到客栈的简易床上我睡的特别沉。一夜无梦。 而明天。等待我们的。会是怎样艰难的路途呢。 待续。。。 ([]
麻豆国产巨制AV
林豪清金秋十月，有幸与中国民俗摄影协会徐州分会一起去华北晋冀摄影采风行。国庆长假，对去哪里和怎么去一直是个很纠结的事情。十一长假，金秋季节，不出去吧，觉得错失好季节，出去吧，又担心车满人满，到哪里都是人挤人，人挨人，这对于不爱凑热闹的驴友影友们而言是个大忌。正巧摄影协会也在讨论此事，最后决定走一条冷门线路，来一次金秋晋冀摄影采风行，哇，好线路，二话不说，咱报名，于是乎，就“成就”了这趟旅行线路：徐州—清西陵—紫荆关长城—蔚州古城—上苏庄—空中草原—蔚县—暖泉古镇—大同—悬空寺—应县—恒山—平遥—徐州D19月30日 徐州—清西陵 9月30日晚上8：00，一行32人包了一辆大客出发了，一车的欢声笑语，一夜的辛苦旅途，于10月1日清晨到达此行的第一站——清西陵。D2 10.1清西陵—紫荆关—乌龙沟—蔚县 清西陵位于河北省易县城西15公里处永宁山下，离北京120多公里。周界约100公里，面积达800余平方公里。清西陵是清代自雍正时起四位皇帝的陵寝之地，陵内共有14座陵墓，包括雍正的泰陵、嘉庆的昌陵、道光的慕陵和光绪的崇陵。此外还有3座后陵，以及若干座公主、妃子园寝。我们第一个参观的是光绪的崇陵。崇陵是光绪皇帝的陵墓，也是我国最后一座帝王陵墓。光绪帝名载湉，爱新觉罗氏。其父是道光皇帝的第七子醇亲王，其母叶赫那拉氏，是慈禧太后的胞妹。同治帝病故后，由慈禧太后做主，指定继承皇位。崇陵始建于1909年，陵址名叫金龙峪。其规模虽不如雍正、嘉庆的陵墓那样庞大，没有大碑亭、石像生等建筑，但它除继承清代建陵规制，参照咸丰帝定陵、同治帝惠陵的风格外，又吸收了古代建筑技术的某些精华，仍具有它的特色。整个陵寝根据守卫和祭把的需要，建筑了五孔桥、巡房、牌楼门、神厨库、三路三孔桥、朝房、班房、隆恩门、燎炉、配殿、隆思殿、三座门、石五供、方城、明楼、宝顶和地宫。 皇家的陵寝就是不一样，入陵的牌楼门都是这么有气派。 步入牌楼门 看这汉白玉桥栏杆的“三路三孔桥”，真有天安门金水桥的范儿。 隆思殿内用的木料均为异常珍贵的铜藻、铁藻，质地坚硬无比，用这种木料制作一把普通太师椅，重量竟高达百余斤，所以隆思殿被誉为“铜梁铁柱”，且梁架之间增加了隔架料，既能托顶，又使殿内更加美观。隆思殿内的四根明柱，底部有海水江涯图案，柱身为一条金龙盘绕向上，较其它帝陵的宝相花更加富丽堂皇。 尽管非常之奢华，皇家，最终也随着流逝的时光成为了过去。。。。 后面的这座院落，便是光绪皇帝的陵寝。光绪登基时，正值清朝面临内忧外患，营造陵寝的工程不能如期破土动工，一直拖延到1908年，光绪皇帝驾崩，1909年才由宣统朝着手操办。修建期间，清朝已走向灭亡，宣统皇帝与隆裕皇太后退位，于是向中华民国政府提出要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修，其奉安典礼，仍如旧制，所有实用经费，均由中华民国支出。”当时，南京临时政府的议和代表及各省都督，对清室要求宽大应许。正门显然不是我们走的，我们自然是走边门进入。 光绪驾崩时，陵还未建，他的梓宫(棺椁)在故宫观德殿暂安。1909年3月，光绪的棺椁又由观德殿迁往西陵梁格庄行宫停放，一路起落，共耗银438400多两。虽然北京至西陵当时已通火车，但光绪棺椁仍用人抬。前面有卫兵开道，随后是皇帝和王公大臣，后面还有隆裕皇后、瑾贵妃等，最后是1400多辆轿车。棺椁拾至阜城门，仅十里远，就撤掉纸钱1000斤，用银260两。北京至西陵行程240华里，抬杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，轮流抬着棺椁艰苦行进。沿途支搭三宿芦殿，耗银29000两，经过四天三夜，才把光绪的棺椁运到梁格庄行宫，安放于正殿之中。不知当时从北京至西陵行程240华里，杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，经过四天三夜，轮流抬着棺椁是如何艰苦行进的，但从这陵寝正殿可以感受出当时的排场了。正在这高大的地宫正殿前拍摄，突然从上面跑下来一个孩子，我赶紧抓住机会咔嚓了一张，为这阴气沉重的陵寝增添了点“活气”。来此参观的人们大多是来凭吊下这段历史的，同时也通过这些看看皇家的奢靡生活。 大殿下面的地宫才是摆放灵柩的地方。 据说在光绪的棺椁正式安放崇陵地宫之际，清朝的遗老遗少还在这座帝王陵前，演出了一幕极尽愚忠的闹剧。光绪的老师梁鼎芬是比较典型的一位，他在崇陵的修建过程中，经常到工地瞻祝，为工程的修建筹款募捐。在为光绪送葬时，他由两个亲随搀扶着在陵前执绋(牵引灵枢的大绳)，从行宫一直走到下宫殿。当人们将棺椁、随葬品布置妥当退出地宫后，唯有梁鼎芬疯疯癫癫地坐在地宫内预备给光绪殉葬。后被其亲随背出，才算完事。还真有为清朝皇帝自愿殉葬的忠臣哦。尽管清廷的遗臣为修建崇陵费尽心思，光绪还是没有能够在他的地下寝宫里平安地长眠下去。1931年军阀混战时期，一伙不明身份的兵匪盗掘了崇陵地宫，多数随葬品被劫走。 地宫中合葬着光绪帝和他的隆裕皇后，这是他们的棺椁，其陪葬物品自然是一无所有了。 。。。。。。。。 清西陵北依峰峦叠翠的永宁山，景态雄伟。 这里有华北地区最大的古松林，数以万计的古松、古柏把这一带装点得清秀葱郁，古朴大方。 这陵墓前还有个壁照，也是用来辟邪的吗？ 为了增强排水性能，每个宫殿基部都建有2米宽的散水，明楼前和三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有14个水眼与龙须沟相通。 妃子墓，妃子墓的琉璃瓦装饰就不是黄色的而是绿色的了。 这满院子里的树让这沉寂的陵墓区不显得那么阴森了。 这是珍妃的墓。清帝后妃有两位女子曾获“珍妃”这一封号，一位是道光帝珍妃赫舍里氏，另一位就是广为人知的光绪帝宠妃他他拉氏。珍妃（1876年－1900年），他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人。清朝光绪皇帝妃子，也是最为受宠的妃子，后因获罪于慈禧而被投井杀害。而道光帝的珍妃赫舍里氏（1804－？）则卒年葬处不详。恪顺皇贵妃（1876年—1900年）他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人，人们一般习惯按她曾获封的珍妃来称呼她。清朝光绪皇帝的侧妃，也是最为受宠的妃子，生于光绪二年二月初三为礼部左侍郎长叙之女。光绪十四年(1888年)10月初五慈禧太后选定其弟，副都统桂祥的女儿叶赫那拉氏为光绪帝之后，同时封珍妃与她的姐姐瑾妃为嫔，时瑾嫔15岁，珍嫔13岁。光绪二十年，两人同时晋封为妃。珍妃其祖父乃陕甘总督裕泰，其父长叙曾任户部右侍郎，其伯父长善乃广州将军，珍妃与其姊瑾妃自幼随长善在广州长大。珍妃10岁那年，长善卸任广州将军，她与姊姊随同北返北京。 1889年，珍妃两姊妹被入选宫中，13岁的她被封为珍嫔，15岁的姐姐封为瑾嫔，嫔为九等宫女序列中的第六等，直至光绪二十年甲午春(1894年)，因慈禧太后六旬万寿加恩得晋嫔为妃，前面还有皇后、皇贵妃、贵妃三个等级。光绪26年(1900年)8月初，八国联军集结兵力进攻北京，慈禧太后挟持光绪帝慌忙出逃。[行前，命太监将幽禁于北三所寿药房中的珍妃唤出，推入位于慈宁宫后贞顺门的井中淹死。当时，珍妃年仅25岁。 瑾妃的墓光绪十四年（1888年），在光绪帝的选后大典上，瑾妃和妹妹珍妃同时入选，成为光绪皇帝的妃子，并在隔年元月行大婚礼，之后个别以瑾嫔和珍嫔的身分入宫。在入宫之后，瑾嫔住在东六宫之一的永和宫，妹妹珍妃也同样的住在同为东六宫之一的景仁宫。瑾嫔在宫中并未如妹妹珍嫔一般，获得光绪帝之宠幸，相反的，她和皇后—叶赫那拉˙静芬一般受到冷落，但瑾嫔并不以为意。六年之后，两人被晋升为瑾妃和珍妃。光绪二十年（1894年），珍妃因故得罪慈禧太后，姊姊瑾妃也受到牵连而一同被降为贵人，但在隔年两人又恢复了原本的妃子位号，但珍妃却受到了监禁，而瑾妃却依然保有自由、继续住在永和宫。光绪二十六年（1900年）七月，八国联军攻入京师，慈禧太后携宫眷出逃紫禁城，瑾妃便是其中一员。在宣统皇帝溥仪登基之后，瑾妃继续住在永和宫，并被尊为兼祧皇考瑾贵妃。在宣统逊位后，上徽号为端康皇太妃，她和溥仪的关系似乎不坏，溥仪称他为皇阿娘，每遇年节还会请她一同欢庆。溥仪退位后的次年，隆裕太后崩逝，瑾妃在四大太妃的地位中有所提高，她在四大太妃中年龄最轻，思想也较开通。民国十一年，在逊清朝廷为溥仪议婚时，瑾妃支持以婉容为皇后。瑾妃在永和宫过著很有品味的生活，时常以丹青书法自娱。在永和宫的摆设中，有着数样的瓶盘盆景、上头都镶嵌著精致出色的钟表和花鸟人物，同时她也是一位美食家，经常派人到京城附近的天福号买酱肘子供她吃早餐，由于瑾妃喜爱美食，因此永和宫里的小膳房，烹饪相当地出色，逊清的王公旧臣都爱吃她赏的饭。1923年,瑾妃五十寿辰,特邀请梅兰芳等著名京剧演员入宫演戏. 民国十三年（1924年），在和溥仪及其余逊清皇室成员欢度中秋佳节后，瑾妃受了风寒一病不起，五天后因情况恶化而死在永和宫，享年五十一岁，并以端康皇贵妃的身分，下葬于光绪帝的崇陵妃园寝。谥为温靖皇贵妃。在崇陵，还有做骑马旅游生意的，只是这么点路程，并没什么人骑马，这里的马儿就悠哉悠哉了。参观完崇陵接着去看泰陵。雍正的泰陵，居于陵区的中心位置，是清西陵中建筑最早、规模最大的一座。其余各陵则分布在东西两侧。 泰陵的神道，由三层巨砖铺成，两边苍松翠柏，上南往北分布着40多项大大小小的建筑。 ([]
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崔惠瑜我们营地附近十五公里左右有个小码头，生活生产物资都从这运来，每周都要来码头装卸物资三次，这码头是我们跟当地人交流最多的地方，喜欢拿着相机随便拍拍，或许能拍到些值得回忆的东西。。。。码头附近散养的羊群 在路过一个村庄的小路上，发现不同的蝴蝶聚在这里，立即停车拿起相机点射。 营地附近的草丛里，经常有这样的白鸟在觅食，有时也会大胆的走进营地的空地上溜达。 这种蛙很小，据说还有毒，经常窝在植被上一动不动。 这只山羊感觉很特别 站个队形拍照了。。。 这些山羊竟然没有一只是毛色相同的 停在蚁穴上的小鸟 小蜥蜴机警的观察四周 小毒蛙静静地卧在绿叶上 不仔细观察还真不容易发现 小毒蛙的神态很安详 如果它卧在枯枝黄叶上就不容易察觉到一般人都是不敢碰它的帐篷上停了一只大蛾子一只好大的蝴蝶 在营地停车场溜达([]
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林淑伶星期二，遇见一个国家叫朝鲜每个国家都是品牌。 都有特色， 小心翼翼是行前行中不断提醒自已的箍， 在这个国家，要有自制力，不能任性。 哪怕你是摄影师也要放下身段，不能拍的，始终不能拍， 城市无码，心中有码。 伟大和伟大充满着世界， 有鲜花时送鲜花， 该鞠躬时就鞠躬。 香烟，丝巾，文具是不二的小费。 导游的筒裙、高跟鞋是不同于一般市民的一种时尚意义， 之外，更是在你身边，前后左右若隐若现。 无形告诉你，这里是墙，那里是墙。 界线严明， 确怀疑过剩。 有人说这里的人民很幸福， 我想说：嗯，……。 朝鲜有朝鲜的文化， 有惊人的革命历史， 有举世的发明， 嘹亮的歌声中，透出整齐划一的步划， 伟大构成了幸福。 人民享受着：粮票，布票，矿泉水票，鸡蛋票，油票，，，，， 还有，好空气。 但物价，对中国人却高得出奇。 三天的行程，我竟然很想回家， 真是很无耻的想法。 原因可能是胃不好，总是有饿感。 回国后，我告诉别人：在星期二，我去了朝鲜。 然后，别人一脸的惊奇。 特别提示：胃不好者，请多带食品，尤其是喜肉者。 回上海了，看到如此多的回贴，真的很惊奇。但我想说，这个贴子，只是一般的摄影贴，并非焦点访谈。大家评评拍得好与不好，我就很开心了、或大家玩笑话说说也未尝不可。有关于政x治方面的事，本人不太懂。这方面的事，如有不同意见，请去政x治版块开贴，或请直接去中x南x海（地址：天安门边上附近），那才叫有种！ 如这条路行不通，移民也行，没钱去美国的话，非洲也可以。等这里让你觉得还可以住的话，再移民回来也是很好的选择。 在这里发牢骚与事无补。也不用装着很懂。导游接机后，问我们要了行程。一看，如数家珍般改变了若干的行程。万寿台是第一站。宏伟的雕塑前，前来献花鞠躬的人，一队接着一队。小朋友竟然连伞也不打，冒雨献花 看着被雨淋湿的小朋友，有点百感交集。我想，了解朝鲜这才刚刚开始吧外国游客来这里，必须买鲜花，必须去伞去帽去墨镜，必须鞠躬 军人来得和群众一样的多，一拨又一拨。可见伟大领袖在他们心目中的份量 广告与现实的距离 导游们在这里有偶遇也有常遇 雕塑前方，是开阔的视野雨不小了，参观完后，我们撤回中巴。中巴边上的一轿车，引起了我们的注意，没有LOGO，也猜不出是什么牌子，但看上去有点像美国车 隔着二层车玻璃，快速的拍一张 继续发片咯，，，， 参观完毕，婆孙俩出门相送国营店的营业员向我们介绍香烟，我们每种买了一包。试烟后，再决定买哪一种 转眼，我们来到被朝鲜抓获的美国间谍船上参观。在这里，我觉得美国人的脸每天都在被朝鲜抽着。船上比较狭小，船边也只能过一个人，从一个窗口，我偷窥了一下 各种设备，已证明是间谍船无疑。(https//news.163.com/09/0324/13/5564T3N2000136CK.html) 有兴趣的，可以看一下联接。 船上的水兵，明显有苏联水兵的影子船上的解说员，中文说得特别好，还带有东北味道。走起，下一个目地，平壤地铁，，，， 人少车少，空气好 走进地铁口，好像有一股的湿霉味，不仅仅是这里，很多室内地方，都有这种小小的味道。可能，我们的嗅觉，太落后。这分明是太阳的味道。这里有世界上最深的地铁，这是一条长达百米的电梯。据说，最深的达300米，我想再深的话，就可以穿透米国了 走过一段漂着太阳味的长廊，一转，站台出现 对于陌生的人，我理解这种眼光 “红灯记”不仅仅是中国的，更是世界的 读文看报，有文化 拼图展示社会主义一片光明，是马赛克拼的。不过，此马赛克不是彼马赛克，你懂的 先上后下 我们进了第一节车箱，好像这是专门为外宾准备的。车开动了，我恋恋不舍的回头看了一眼红灯记MM 找个空的车箱，摆一下POS ([]
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